Neuroimmune Biology – Vasopressin Vasopressin (VP) has emerged in recent years as a very important immunoregulatory peptide of the hypothalamus....
Glucocorticoids, steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex, play essential roles in the maintenance of internal homeostasis by influencing virtually...
Sex Hormones and Immunoregulation The sexual dimorphism in immune responses in humans is well known; females have more vigorous cellular...
Regulation T Helper Cell – Extracellular ATP During immune responses a tight balance between proinflammatory and regulatory mechanisms is key...
The nervous and immune systems share common functions: both are involved in adapting the body to the environment and in...
Endogenous catecholamines in immune cells – BrainImmune The catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline are well established neurotransmitters and neurohormones. Sympathoadrenergic...