The immune and nervous systems are anatomically and functionally interconnected, this cross-talk is evidenced by the dense innervation – mainly...
Fundamentals
Fundamental aspects of brain-immune interactions
Sex Hormones and Immunoregulation The sexual dimorphism in immune responses in humans is well known; females have more vigorous cellular...
Regulation T Helper Cell – Extracellular ATP During immune responses a tight balance between proinflammatory and regulatory mechanisms is key...
Brain TNF and Chronic Pain – BrainImmune We have determined that enhanced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor...
Neuroimmune Biology – Vasopressin Vasopressin (VP) has emerged in recent years as a very important immunoregulatory peptide of the hypothalamus....
Brain-Immune Signaling and Pathogen Recognition The body’s reaction to infections involves the orchestration of multiple systems to effectively initiate, execute...
Abstract Psychological stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders. In this overview, we will describe our...
Glucocorticoids, steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex, play essential roles in the maintenance of internal homeostasis by influencing virtually...
Endogenous catecholamines in immune cells – BrainImmune The catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline are well established neurotransmitters and neurohormones. Sympathoadrenergic...
Tachykinins – Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis is the development of immune and other blood cells from a small population of stem...
Sympathetic Nervous System – Regulatory T cells Homeostatic control of the immune system is dependent on CD4, FoxP3+, NKT or...
Nervous system control – leukocyte distribution Leukocytes are key components of the body’s defense system and the major subsets of...