Neuroimmune Biology – Vasopressin Vasopressin (VP) has emerged in recent years as a very important immunoregulatory peptide of the hypothalamus....
Fundamentals
Fundamental aspects of brain-immune interactions
Regulation T Helper Cell – Extracellular ATP During immune responses a tight balance between proinflammatory and regulatory mechanisms is key...
Vagus Nerve – Neural-Immune Interface Evidence shows that the central nervous system monitors and modulates the activity of both circulating...
The nervous and immune systems share common functions: both are involved in adapting the body to the environment and in...
Sympathetic Nervous System – Regulatory T cells Homeostatic control of the immune system is dependent on CD4, FoxP3+, NKT or...
Interferon and CNS Interferons (IFNs) are glycoproteins known as cytokines. These cytokines got their name by Isaacs and Lindenmann [1]...
Nervous system control – leukocyte distribution Leukocytes are key components of the body’s defense system and the major subsets of...
Tachykinins – Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis is the development of immune and other blood cells from a small population of stem...
Glucocorticoids, steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex, play essential roles in the maintenance of internal homeostasis by influencing virtually...
The immune and nervous systems are anatomically and functionally interconnected, this cross-talk is evidenced by the dense innervation – mainly...
Brain-Immune Signaling and Pathogen Recognition The body’s reaction to infections involves the orchestration of multiple systems to effectively initiate, execute...
Sex Hormones and Immunoregulation The sexual dimorphism in immune responses in humans is well known; females have more vigorous cellular...